IEEE:

Innovative:

VR:

LabVIEW:

BIO:

Micro-Controller:

ARM:

Zigbee:

GSM:

%0

The main idea is to count the number of visitors in the room sensors, and sensors using micro controller is a simple electronic application process. After the calculation of the total number of persons entering the room, and the room is counted for each person. Number of incoming and outgoing persons sensors placed at the entrance. These entries are calculated based on the total effect sensors and to send seven segment LCD display on the micro-controller and a program written communication to the microcontroller.

Code written in c language, and the result is displayed on the LCD screen. In this application, we use PIC 16f877a micro processor.

LCD

Data pins D0-D7 —> RD0

RS—->RE0

EN—->RE1

Sensor Inputs —–> RA0

Code:

#include<16f877a.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#fuses HS,NOWDT,NOPROTECT,NOLVP
#use delay(clock=20000000)
#use rs232(baud=9600,xmit=PIN_C6,rcv=PIN_C7)
#define tmp PIN_A0

static unsigned int count;
void cmd(char r)
{
 output_e (0x00);
 output_d (r);
 output_e (0x02);
 delay_us (100);
 output_e (0x00);
 delay_ms (100);
}
void init_lcd()
{
 unsigned char x[] ={ 0x38,0x0c,0x01,0x80,0x06};
 unsigned char i;
 for( i = 0 ; i < 5 ; i++ )
 {
 cmd(x[i]);
 }
}

void display(unsigned int s)
{
 output_e (0x01);
 output_d (s);
 output_e (0x03);
 delay_ms (20);
 output_e (0x01);
 delay_ms (100);
}
void main()
{
 init_lcd ();
 output_low(PIN_A0);//IR sensor input pin
 while(1)
 {

 if(tmp)//Check condition Pin_A0 is High Pin_A0==1
 {

 cmd(0x80);//Lcd command for display first line
 display("visit count=");//String display in LCD
 {

 display(((count%10000)/1000)+48); //Routine for display numbers in the LCD
 display(((count%1000)/100)+48);
 display(((count%100)/10)+48);
 display((count++%10)+48);

 }
 cmd(0xC0); //LCD Command for display Second line
 display("www.embed4u.com");//String display in LCD

}

www.facebook.com/Embed4u

PLC MODEM: 

Power line modem is useful to send and receive serial data over existing AC mains power lines of the building. It has high immunity to electrical noise persistence in the power line and built in error checking so it never gives out corrupt data. The modem is in form of a ready to use circuit module, which is capable of providing 9600 baud rate low rate bi-directional data communication. Due to its small size it can be integrated into and become part of the user’s power line data communication system.

• Transmit and Receive serial data at 9600 bps
• Data Tx/Rx LEDs
• Powered from 5V
• Built in Error Checking
• Direct interface with microcontroller Uart  txd, rxd pins

Abstract:

An open source automation system for controlling electrical appliances using power line communication is presented here. Control messages are sent over PLC Modem throguh Serial Communication device to the microcontroller which then couples the messages to the power lines. Ubiquitous power lines are used as physical media to transmit data over 220V/50Hz signal to control appliances/equipment. The data from the microcontroller is coupled onto the power lines using a PLC (Power Line Communication) modem and DCSK (Differential Code Shift Keying) modulation technique is employed to transmit data. Each receiver unit consists of PLC modem plus microcontroller and can be connected anywhere in the power line network. The receivers have addresses assigned to them and only respond to the commands sent to them by the transmitter PLC modem. The receiver unit controls the flow of electricity to the socket. The entire system is devoid of a computer to save power and make it low cost. Power Line Communication and micro-controller collectively reduce the cost of controlling appliances remotely.

Description:

Transmitter Side:

In this project we are using two sets of microcontroller and two plc modems. One side is transmitter and another end is Receiver. The Tx side 89c51 microcontroller, 2*16 LCD, PLC modem, 4 On/Off switches used. In this projects switches are used to send the Tx data through serially, first mode switch is pressed to select Automatic Mode or Manual Mode, the switch is zero Manual mode is selected. The LCD display MANUAL MODE. Then the switch sw1 is pressed is equal to zero, the character “A” will be transmitted serially, and press sw2 “B” ,press sw3 “C” will be transmitted serially. The LCD shows the Relay ON/OFF status. The Automatic Mode character “D”,”E”,”F” is transmitted serially.

Receiver Side:

In Receiver side the character is received serially. The Character “A” is received the RELAY0 is ON, the RELAY1, RELAY2 ARE off. In the same manner relay will be operate depends upon the serially receiving character.

Transmitter Side:

code:

#include  // standard 8051 defines
#include  // putchar
#define LCD_clear() LCD_command(0x1) /* Clear display LCD */
#define LCD_origin() LCD_command(0x2) /* Set to origin LCD */
#define LCD_row1() LCD_command(0x80) /* Begin at Line 1 */
#define LCD_row2() LCD_command(0xC0)

sbit rs = P2^6;
sbit en = P2^7;

sbit Mode_Swith=P1^0;
sbit SW1 = P1^1;
sbit SW2 = P1^2;
sbit SW3 = P1^3;
void lcd_en ()
{
 en = 1; en = 1; en = 1;
 en = 0; en = 0;
}
void LCD_delay(unsigned char ms)
{
 unsigned char n;
 unsigned int i;
 for (n=0; n {
 for (i=0; i 0)
 {
 for (j=0; j }
}

// -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
// -=-=-=-=- Main Program -=-=-=-=-=-=-=
// -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
void main()
{
 // -=-=- Intialise Serial Port -=-=-=
 //Sets up MCU to use 9600 bps @ 11.059 MHz Crystal
 SCON = 0x52; // 8-bit UART mode
 TMOD = 0x20; // timer 1 mode 2 auto reload
 TH1= 0xfd; // 9600 8-n-1
 TR1 = 1; // run timer1
 LCD_init();
 LCD_row1();

 LCD_puts("PLC AUTOMATION");
 delay_ms(500);
 delay_ms(500);
 delay_ms(500);
 delay_ms(500);

 // -=-=- Program Loop -=-=-=
 while(1)
 {
 P1=0xff;

 if(Mode_Swith==0)
 {
 LCD_clear();
 LCD_puts(" MANUAL MODE ");
 delay_ms(500);

 if(SW1==0) // if Switch1 is down, transmit character A
 {
 putchar('A');
 delay_ms(500);
 }
 else if(SW2==0) // if Switch2 is down, transmit character B
 {
 putchar('B');
 delay_ms(500);
 }
 else if(SW3==0) // if Switch3 is down, transmit character C
 {

 putchar('C');
 delay_ms(500);
 }
 delay_ms(500);
 delay_ms(500);
 }
 else
 {
 LCD_clear();
 LCD_puts("AUTOMATIC MODE");
 delay_ms(500);
 delay_ms(500);

 putchar('D');
 delay_ms(500);
 delay_ms(500);
 delay_ms(500);

 putchar('E');
 delay_ms(500);
 delay_ms(500);
 delay_ms(500);

 putchar('F');
 delay_ms(500);
 delay_ms(500);
 delay_ms(500);

 }
 delay_ms(500);
 delay_ms(500);
 }
}// end main

Receiver Side:

code:

#include  // standard 8051 defines

unsigned char ch;
sbit RELAY0 = P0^0;
sbit RELAY1 = P0^1;
sbit RELAY2 = P0^2;

//receive serial character from serial port
unsigned char mygetchar(void)
{
 char c;
 while(!RI);
 RI =0;
 c = SBUF;
 return SBUF;
}
// -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
// -=-=-=-=- Main Program -=-=-=-=-=-=-=
// -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
void main()
{
 P0=0;
 RELAY0 = 0;
 RELAY1 = 0;
 RELAY2 = 0;
 // -=-=- Intialise Serial Port -=-=-=
 //Sets up MCU to use 9600 bps @ 11.059 MHz Crystal
 SCON = 0x52; // 8-bit UART mode
 TMOD = 0x20; // timer 1 mode 2 auto reload
 TH1= 0xfd; // 9600 8-n-1
 TR1 = 1; // run timer1

 // -=-=- Program Loop -=-=-=
 while(1)
 {
 ch = mygetchar(); //loop till character received
 P2=ch;
 if(ch=='A') // if received character is A, Switch ON relay
 {
 RELAY0 = 1;
 RELAY1 = 0;
 RELAY2 = 0;
 }
 else if(ch=='B') // if received character is A, Switch OFF relay
 {
 RELAY0 = 1;
 RELAY1 = 1;
 RELAY2 = 0;
 }

 else if(ch=='C') // if received character is A, Switch OFF relay
 {

 RELAY0 = 1;
 RELAY1 = 1;
 RELAY2 = 1;
 }

else if(ch=='D') // if received character is A, Switch ON relay
 {
 RELAY0 = 0;
 RELAY1 = 0;
 RELAY2 = 1;
 }
 else if(ch=='E') // if received character is A, Switch OFF relay
 {
 RELAY0 = 0;
 RELAY1 = 1;
 RELAY2 = 0;
 }

 else if(ch=='F') // if received character is A, Switch OFF relay
 {

 RELAY0 = 0;
 RELAY1 = 1;
 RELAY2 = 1;
 }

 }

 // end while
}// end main

C program to sort a string in alphabetic order: For example if user will enter a string a, c ,b then output will be  a,b,c.

Input:

Enter the number of names to be sorted

3

Enter the name 1

hello

Enter the name 2

welcome

Enter the name 3

All the best

Output:

Sorted array is

 all the best

 hello

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
void sort(int n, char s[50][50]);
main()
{
 int i=0,j=0;

 char s[50][50];

char str[25];
 clrscr();

 printf("Program to sort the given strings in alphabetical order\n\n");

printf("Enter the number of names to be sorted\n");

scanf("%d",&i);

for(j=0;j<i;j++)
 {
 printf("Enter the name %d\n",j+1);
 fflush(stdin);
 gets(str);
 strcpy(s[j],str);
 }

sort(i,s);

}

void sort(int n, char s[50][50])
{
 int i=0,j=0;

char temp[50];

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
 {
 for(j=i+1;j<n;j++)
 {
 if(strcmp(s[i],s[j])>0)
 {
 strcpy(temp,s[i]);
 strcpy(s[i],s[j]);
 strcpy(s[j],temp);
 }
 }
 }

 printf("Sorted array is:\n");
 for(i=0;i<n;i++)
 {
 puts(s[i]);
 }
 getch();
}